A provocateur par excellence, Joseph Beuys never ceased to emphasize the act of art or to conceive of art itself as an action. His entire oeuvre aims at dissolving the distinction between art and life, at recognizing creativity in every milieu, whether it be in the way an artist paints a canvas or a

Elegant, Fluxus, Media art, Mythic, Open-ended, Political, Process art, Repetition, Spare, Visceral

After 1960, the Constructivist and Expressionist notions that art represented either the order of the outside world or the inner essence of the artist, withered under critical scrutiny. New artists such as Swiss sculptor Jean Tinguely began to concentrate on technology and urban society. His "kinetic

Agitated, Bombast, Collage, Kinetic, Kinetic art, Machinistic, Open-ended, Pop, Quirky

A perpetual innovator who indelibly altered the nature of his craft, French director Jean-Luc Godard stood at the forefront of the French New Wave, the late-1950s movement that included Fran'ois Truffaut, Eric Rohmer, and other former film critics from the journal Cahiers du Cinema who refracted the

Citational, Collage, Deconstructive, Existentialist literature, Expansive, French new wave, Intimate, Minimal, Open-ended, Quiet, Self-reflection, Social revolution

According to Jacques Derrida, structure -- the structure of language, for example -- occupies an impossible and ideal position: it at once posits an absolute center that holds everything together and a meta-perspective that also holds everything together. For Derrida, then, structure is defined by a

Clever, Deconstruction, Deconstructive, Improvised, Kinetic, Open-ended, Polychromatic, Post-colonialism, Sprawling