Pierre Schaeffer was a French composer and a pioneer of electronic music. While working at the French national radio (Radiodiffusion Française), Schaeffer began experimenting with real-world sounds recorded on magnetic tape, pioneering a genre now known as musique concrète. In works such as Étude

Collage, Composed, Experimental, Industrial, Machinistic, Musique concrete, Pioneering, Technology

20th-century Italian composer Luciano Berio embraced many forms of music, from twelve-tone modernism, to Romanticism, to folk musics. His works range from pieces for solo instruments (called Sequenzas), to electroacoustic works, to works for orchestra. Berio was particularly fascinated with the capab

Abstract, Classical, Complex, Experimental, Layered, Pioneering, Playful

Maurico Kagel was a German-Argentine composer, filmmaker, visual artist, and playwright of Argentine birth. He is recognized as one of the most important figures in 20th century European music, and has garnered his place through his imaginative, absurd, and theatrical works for the concert hall. Kage

20th-century music, Absurd, Citational, Deconstructive, Electro-acoustic, Experimental, Ironic, Playful, Political, Rebel, Social revolution, Surreal

Iannis Xenakis was a highly original Greek composer, known for using mathematic principles in his compositions. Born in Romania, Xenakis was part of the Greek Resistance during World War II, then later moved to France, where he worked as an architect with Le Corbusier and studied composition with Oli

20th-century music, Abstract, Architectural, Atmospheric, Experimental, Intense, Musique concrete