Kipling was never one to pity the vanquished or cry for the victim. He preferred to praise the victors, fortify the reign of imperialism, legitimize and rationalize colonial order. Having lived in both Bombay and England, Kipling came to see English civilization as the only hope for a dirty, barbaric

Dark, Dense, Eclectic, Masculine, Modernist literature, Modernist poetry, Tense

Knut Hamsun was a supporter of Norway's fascist Nasjonal Samling party and an admirer of Nazism; he gave his Nobel Prize for Literature to Joseph Goebbels; he hailed Hitler as "a warrior for mankind, and a prophet of the gospel of justice for all nations" in an obituary for the Nazi leader; he critic

Anxiety, Fleeting, Ironic, Modernist literature, Organic, Pastoral, Primal, Psychological, Visceral

The poet Karl Shapiro, in his introduction to the 1961 American publication of Henry Miller's "Tropic of Cancer," said, "Morally I regard Miller as a holy man'Gandhi with a penis." This was Miller's first book, and its pages were rife with full, frontal descriptions of sexual joy and despair. He ha

Beats, Bombast, Ebullient, Ecstatic, Erotic, Improvised, In-your-face, Manic, Modernist literature, Overflowing, Perverse, Post-war literature, Sincere

The man who would be Papa began his life in 1899 as Ernest Miller Hemingway, born in his grandfather's house in Chicago, Illinois. His father raised him to be a sporting man, a man equipped to survive in nature, with a love of hunting, fishing, and adventure (Hemingway would cultivate this image in h

Bombast, Masculine, Modernist literature, Rough, Tense, The lost generation